Auld
Earlston member Sheila McKay was delighted to find during her family history
research that her great grandfather Robert Frater had been a founding member of
the local Cooperative Society. She was prompted to find out more about the
Co-op’s history.
Background
In Scotland, Fenwick Weavers in Ayrshire set up in
1769 the first Co-op using bulk buying to buy essentials for workers to
purchase at affordable prices. Other early co-operatives
were soon established – Hawick and Galashiels in 1839 and by 1867 Scotland had 130
such societies. Key principles behind
their operation were: voluntary and open
membership, democratic members’ control, a community ethos, and payment of
dividends based on purchases.
Early Days
in Earlston
The
earliest record found online, at British Newspaper
Archive, was in “The Southern
Reporter: 19th April
1883 when a meeting was held in the Good
Templar Hall, Earlston to hear a talk on
the subject on “Co-operation – its principles and benefits
to the working classes” delivered by
Mr. J. McNair, Glasgow; Mr. J. Allan and Mr. T. Little, Galashiels and Mr.
Lochhead, Edinburgh, The chair was
occupied by Mr. R. H. Dunn, tweed manufacturer, and elected as first Secretary
was Robert Frater.
“There was a good attendance, and the addresses were
listened to with the greatest interest and attention. At the close, a party of ten formed
themselves into a committee for the purpose of endeavoring to obtain support
for the establishment of a co-operative store in the town.”
Who was
Robert Frater?
Robert Frater
(1846-1938) was born in Galashiels, son of William Muir Frater and Janet Smith,
His father was very active in
Galashiels affairs, serving as a Councillor and a strong advocate for the Co-operative
movement. 19 year old Robert came to Earlston to work in the local Tweed
Mill, at that time owned by Mr. Charles Wilson, and continued working there as
a woollen warper until his retirement.
He was closely involved in the local Earlston community - a staunch
member of the Temperance movement, as well as being a follower of Liberal
politics. He was a keen Rifle Volunteer,
attending what became to be known as ‘The Wet Review “at Edinburgh in
1881. He was also a prominent member
of the Bowling Club, Horticultural Society and the Reading Room. Robert was one of the villagers involved in
the setting up of the Co-operative Society in Earlston in 1883 as its first secretary
and was elected to President in 1906.
Robert
married Janet Thomson in 1870, and they had eleven children, eight daughters
and three sons, all of whom survived to adulthood. Robert died in 1938 at the grand old age of
92 in his home at Janefield, Earlston where he had lived with three of his
unmarried daughters for many years.
Photograph: Robert with his wife and two of their
daughters outside their home in Rodgers Place.
The
Turn of the 19th Century saw the Co-operative Society in Earlston with
200 members, and in 1898 it purchased the Old Parochial School on Station Road. “The Southern Reporter” of 28th
December 1898 noted:
“The old parish school and playground purchased by Mr.
Carter, Berwick, when the new school [at the East End] was opened in 1877, has been sold by him to the Co-operative Store
Company at, it is said, £400. The
company intend to make extensive alterations and additions, for which the
playground affords ample space, in order that the premises may be adapted to
their greatly increased and increasing business”.
The Co-op on Station Road the right
An
interesting “Situations Vacant” notice
appeared in ”The Southern Reporter” 20th June 1901 for van
drivers at a time when cars were still regarded as luxury travel for pleasure
and only beginning to be introduced for business purposes. (No such thing as driving tests to prove
competency at this early date).
"Wanted, a Man to drive Grocery Van; also a Baker who is
capable of driving a van. Apply,
stating wages, etc. to Robert Frater, Secretary, Co-operative Society, Earlston.”
Annual Festivals
The
local press revealed that besides the quarterly and annual business meetings,
the Society had an Annual Festival in the Corn Exchange. The 1906 report commented on:
“A large attendance. Mr. Robert Frater, president of the
society, occupied the chair. After tea,
the Chairman referred to the fact that Earlston Co-operative Society was the
only association of the kind in Berwickshire, and that it had distributed
amongst its members a sum of something approaching ten thousand pounds during
the twenty three years of its existence.
If the members of the Earlston Society wished to keep up their dividend,
they should be thoroughly loyal in their support of the store, and show their
interest in the society by attending its meetings”
A
“Soiree” followed of musical entertainment and:
“The hall was then cleared for dancing, which was taken
part in by many young people, who kept it up till early the following
morning. Excellent music was provided
by the Earlston Orchestra."
For the 1907 festival the audience enjoyed:
"An exhibition of animated pictures with songs
interspersed. The pictures that were
thrown on the screen being mostly of a humorous kind called forth repeated
plaudits. Many of them excited roars of
laughter”.
Semi Jubilee
1908
marked the 25th anniversary of the Co-operative Society in
Earlston and was celebrated in a grand fashion, as reported in “The Southern
Reporter”: 25th June.
"On Saturday, a long procession of boys and girls,
carrying flags and banners, marched through the town, headed by Melrose Pipe
Band, who, in their kilts and philabegs made a brave show, and discoursed
excellent music. From the town they
made their way to the scene of the sports, and the president of the society,
Mr. Robert Frater, welcomed the huge assemblage, which numbered little, if
anything, short of 1000 people all told.
The occasion was celebrated “in the finest summer weather, and on the
beautiful ground of Sorrowlessfield Haugh, on the right bank of the Leader,
opposite Cowdenknowes mansion house, which from this point of view has its most
striking aspect. The society
entertained a vast number of children and other guests to an abundant tea, and
provided prizes for numerous sports which were keenly and numerously
contested."
The speeches made note that no less a sum
than £10,000 had been handed over to the working men and working women of
Earlston in dividends. Mr. Robert Frater
was presented with a handsome silver mounted walking stick as the only survivor
of the six original office-bearers of the Society.
“In the
course of the afternoon many sports were engaged in, and amusements of all
kinds were provided for young and old.
The Earlston Orchestra also gave their services gratuitously, and to
their stirring strains the lads and lasses danced right merrily on the
grass. The fete was a great success.”
Robert
Frater was last noted in press reports as President in 1909. He died in 1938 at
the grand age of 92 with the local press paying fulsome tribute to him in
obituaries.
Impact
of the First World War
In
1914 membership of the Society stood at 280 and initially reports showed that it
was in a good financial position.
But
as conscription was introduced, there was
“in consequence a shortage of labour”, with the store severely depleted of its
bakery staff. “ Shop hours were
reduced, with a closure at lunchtime, and earlier closure in the evening.
Appeals
were made to the Military Tribunals to exempt staff and these were regularly
reported in the press – as in this example from 1916:
“The President of the Earlston
Co-operative Society petitioned on behalf of three workers: John Brash, manager was granted a temporary
exemption until the end of stock-taking
and that a man was found to take on his duties; baker John Burrell, was given an “absolute exemption", with
van man Walter Brotherston’s claim
refused.”
In January 1916 the financial situation was
more precarious and a request was made to other Co-operative Societies, as “Earlston, in existence for 26 years, was
in a very bad way”. Societies responded with generous donations
totalling £400 - £23,618 in today’s money terms.
By
November 1918, the situation had reached crisis point and “The Berwickshire
News” of 19th November reported on a take-over by Galashiels
Co-operative Society.
Galashiels Co-operative reported the event in
“The Southern Reporter” 14th November 1918:
Post 1918
In
the inter-war period there was little news in the press on the activities of
Earlston Cooperative Society, now part of
the Galashiels group of stores. In contrast the Earlston Co-operative
Women’s Group received plenty of coverage on their regular meetings and
activities.
In the 1930’s a new shop was built on the
site facing the Green. Note the shop fascia signage, identified as Earlston
Branch – Galashiels United Co-operative Society Limited.
The chaps on the photo with the mobile shops are: Left: Davie Waite; Centre: Jim Waite (Davie's father) and Right:
Doug Kerr.
David Waite out and about in his Co-op van.
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Shopping
Memories
FFor an Auld Earlston exhibition in 2019, members
of Earlston Wednesday Club gave their memories of shopping in the Co-op.
· "It was very different shop in the 1950’s
- no self-service of course, but wooden counters all the way around where
assistants waited to serve you with your groceries."
·
"Shoppers
could hand in their order or “message line” and leave it to be put together and
delivered by the message boy on his bicycle, with a large basket on the front.
All the grocers in the town offered a delivery service."
·
"The
manager of the Co-op, Mr. McQuillin, who sang in the church choir, sat in
a very important little booth and handed out milk tokens, to have milk delivered
to the doorstep daily."
·
"Twice
a year, Co-op members received “the divi”. A note was kept of the total amount
of shopping done by each member and this was totalled up and paid as a loyalty
dividend. This was a particularly busy day at the Co-op as members had to queue
up at the manager’s booth to collect their cash."
·
"My
mother relied on getting the “Divi” to buy us children our shoes.
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In More Recent Times
In
the 1960s the shop was converted into a self-service store.
Earlston Co-op overlooking the Green, c.1980's. Note the changed fascia heading.Through the 1990's Galashiels United Co-operative Society expanded through mergers to become the Lothians, Borders & Angus Co-operative Society. In 2008, the Board and Membership voted to transfer its assets to the much larger Co-operative Society.
Helen
Reid, (great granddaughter of Robert
Frater, first Secretary of Earlston Co-operative Society, and later its
President) on her last day of working at the store on the Green in 2014.
December 2015 saw the Earlston Store
relocating to enlarged premises on to the A68 Melrose Road at the former Rutherford’s
petrol station and shop, with 19 staff and provision for parking of 32
vehicles.
Nine months later, the team at Co-op Earlston was celebrating after the store was crowned "Scotland's Best Forecourt Retailer 2016", as reported in "The Border Telegraph": 22nd September 2016.
2020 saw the launch of the Co-op Local Community Fund, helping local groups, as featured in "the Border Telegraph: 17th January. Groups from across the region, including Earlston have benefited from access to a share of millions of pounds of charitable donations, made by Co-op members using their membership cards.
So the same community ethos that inspired the founders of the movement in the 19th century is still reflected in it operation today.
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Contributed by Sheila McKay and
Susan Donaldson of the Auld Earlston Group
